4-Methylbenzylidene camphor

4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is an endocrine disrupter that produces estrogen-like effects. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor decreases the proliferation of human trophoblast cells and induces apoptosis. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor activates PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and elevates intracellular ROS production. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor is a ultraviolet (UV) filter and may hamper normal placental formation during early pregnancy.